ABSTRACT
This research work is an attempt to examine the effect of Central of Bank of Nigeria in performance monetary policy of bank. The essay work provides a background to the origin and development of monetary policy in fighting inflation and highlighted the major functions and activities performed by the Central Bank of Nigeria in order to achieve their main objectives. It also discusses the objectives, instrument and problems of monetary policy.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study - - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of Problems - - - - - - - 3
1.3 Objectives of the study - - - - - - - 4
1.4 Research Question- - - - - - - - 4
1.5 Significance of the study - - - - - - - 5
1.6 Scope and limitation of the study - - - - - 6
1.7 Definition of terms - - - - - - - - 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - 9
2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 9
2.2 Definition of Concepts - - - - - - - 10
2.3 Definition of Monetary Policy - - - - - 13
2.4 Instruments of Monetary Policy - - - - - - 15
2.5 Types of Monetary Policy - - - - - - 19
2.6 Objectives of Monetary Policy - - - - - - 22
2.7 Monetary Functions of the Central Bank of Nigeria - - 23
2.8 Weakness of Monetary Policy in Combating Inflation - - 26
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 29
3.1 Area of Study - - - - - - - - 29
3.2 Research Design - - - - - - - - 29
3.3 Population of Study - - - - - - - 30
3.4 Sampling Technique - - - - - - - 30
3.5 Data Collection and Instrument - - - - - - 30
3.6 Administration of the Instrument - - - - - 31
3.7 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - - 31
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation - - - 32
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 32
4.2 Data Presentation - - - - - - - - 32
4.3 Summary of Findings - - - - - - - 36
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 38
5.1 Summary of the study - - - - - - - 38
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 39
5.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - - 39
Bibliography - - - - - - - - 41
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Monetary policy entails the government policies aimed at changing the quantity of money or credit condition. In every economy, after fiscal policy, the next most powerful macro-economic stabilization is monetary policy.
In fact Monetary and fiscal policies are expected to work together as complements to achieve one goals of a sound macro economic management that include amongst other domestic price stability external sector viability as well as enhance efficiency in resource allocation, distribution and utilization.
Monetary policy is therefore measure designed to regulate and control the volume, cost, availability and direction of money and credit in an economy to achieve some specifically micro-economic objectives. It is one policy that seeks to influence economic activities using the tools available to the central bank i.e. money supply (MS) interest rates and exchange rates. It can also mean the deliberate attempt by the authorities to either control the supply of money or to control interest rates or to ration the amount of credit granted by banks.
The history of economic growth shows that, economic transformation started in England in the Late eighteen century and gradually spread to other parts of Europe and North America. Economic transformations did not get to other parts of thee world until in the 1950s when Japan transformed to become one of world’s major industrial giants. This economic transformation has spread far and wide in the recent times but its spread is highly limited in Africa. It is only South Africa that has experienced it so far. This is clearly demonstrated by the World Bank report of (2001) which states that out of the 46 poorest countries in the World, 35 of them are in Africa.
Nigeria with it’s vast resources of both human and material nature is not left out of the club of poverty stricken countries. This poverty is illustrated by the recent World bank report (2005), which says that more than 70% of Nigerians are living below poverty line.
It is against this background that this study is being undertaken. This poverty can be tackled using both fiscal and monetary policies to help solve this problem and growing poverty. So far, removing the country from poverty trap that seems almost impossible to be solved using variety of macro-economic policy measures.
The problem of inflation in Nigeria has been confronted in variety of ways by the government of the country using different macro-economic policies. The government introduced several measures e.g. National Development Structural adjustment Programmes (SAPs). Guided Deregulation etc. to combat this problem. Despite all these measures, we still experience inflation in the country.
The question now is, why we still experience inflationary conditions after all these variety of measures adopted by the government to control it or reduce it intensity?
Moreover, the issue of monetary policy has its objectives one of which is tackling the problem of inflation. The Central Bank applied all measures to control it still every effort seem to be fruitless.
The nest question is why have all these measures failed in combating the problem of inflation?
To highlight the relevance of monetary policy in combating inflation.
Try to explain the various types of monetary policy that can be used to combat inflation and other macro-economic problems.
Identify and discuss the monetary policy problems with particular reference to Nigeria.
To explain the various instruments of monetary policy that can be used to combat inflation especially in less developed Countries (LDCS) such as Nigeria.
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